Geography
Liechtenstein covers an area of 160 square kilometers, inhabited by almost 35,000 people (2004). It borders Switzerland in the south and west and Austria in the east and north. The total length of its borders is 75 kilometers. The country lies between 47° 14‘ and 47° 03‘ northern latitude and between 9° 28‘ and 9° 38‘ eastern longitude (relative to Greenwich) at an elevation of 453 meters above sea level. The highest mountain in the country is the Grauspitz at 2,599 meters.
The floor of the Rhine Valley covers half of the country. It is the true agricultural area of the Principality, since the rest of the country is mountainous. In the Rhine Valley floor, a wide range of transitions between sand, peat, sandy clay, and clayey soil can be found. The soils of the Rhine Valley slope consist of detritus, moraine deposits, and some loess. The area is geologically extremely diverse.
Mountain ranges crossing the country from south to north are foothills of the Rätikon. The Eschnerberg at 730 meters stands in the valley, while the mountainous part in the east of the country is formed out of three high-lying valleys. This Alpine environment with its well-developed motor roads up to 1,600 meters is a strong attraction for tourism.
In very general terms, the climate of Liechtenstein is determined by geographic latitude, the vertical topography, and the position of the country relative to the sea. Because of the small size of the country, the geographic latitude differential is unimportant. The vertical segmentation of the country into the Rhine Valley and the mountainous part rising from the valley is, however, significant. Annual precipitation measures between around 900 and 1200 millimeters. In the mountainous area, precipitation can reach 1900 millimeters. In the winter, temperatures seldom drop below minus 15 degrees Celsius, while the average temperatures in the summer oscillate between 20 and 28 degrees.
Despite the mountainous location of the country, the climate can therefore be described as mild. It is heavily influenced by the south wind (Föhn). Wine and corn thrive primarily because of the moderating influence of this warm south wind. It lengthens the vegetation period in the spring and the fall. However, it sometimes also has the negative effect of drying out the soil and damaging the cultivation of fruit.



